Which three activities are essential in an information system for controlling operations?

The key activities that are essential in an information system for controlling operations are input, processing, and output.

Input refers to the collection of data that is necessary for the system to function. This data can come from various sources, such as user entries, sensors, or integrated databases. It is the foundational step where raw data is gathered to be used in the system.

Processing is the next crucial activity, where the collected input data is transformed into a more useful format. This involves operations such as calculations, sorting, and organizing the data to generate meaningful information. Processing is essential, as it allows the system to produce results based on the data collected during the input phase.

Output is the final activity where the processed information is presented to the end-users or other systems. This can take various forms, including reports, graphs, or notifications, depending on the needs of the organization or application. Output is crucial as it is the end-result of the entire information system process, enabling decision-makers to take informed actions based on the generated data.

Together, these three activities—input, processing, and output—create a feedback loop that is fundamental for any information system to effectively control operations and support decision-making within an organization.