Which term best describes a method of protecting sensitive information during network communication?

The term that best describes a method of protecting sensitive information during network communication is encryption. Encryption is the process of converting plaintext data into a coded format, known as ciphertext, which can only be read or decrypted by those who possess the appropriate key or password. This method is essential for ensuring that information transmitted across networks remains confidential and cannot be easily intercepted or understood by unauthorized users.

Encryption provides a strong layer of security for sensitive information, especially in scenarios where data is transmitted over the internet or through other potentially vulnerable networks. By securing data in this way, organizations and individuals can protect against data breaches and secure personal information, financial transactions, and other sensitive communications.

In contrast, while sniffing refers to the act of intercepting and analyzing network traffic, it does not provide protection for sensitive information; rather, it can be a method used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to data. Phishing is a type of cyber attack aimed at tricking individuals into revealing personal information by masquerading as a trustworthy entity. Firewalls serve as a barrier to protect networks from unauthorized access and can help block suspicious traffic, but they do not encrypt data in transit, which is the core function of encryption.