Which of the following is a commonly used programming language for web development?

Java is widely recognized as a commonly used programming language for web development due to its versatility and robust architecture. It is primarily known for its ability to create dynamic web applications through the use of frameworks such as Spring, Hibernate, and JavaServer Faces. Java's platform independence, enabled by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), allows developers to write code once and run it anywhere, making it an ideal choice for web applications that need to perform consistently across different environments.

Additionally, Java provides a strong set of libraries and tools that facilitate the development of complex web solutions, as well as a vast community and support ecosystem. This community actively contributes to the development of resources, documentation, and frameworks that enhance Java's capabilities for web development.

Other programming languages, while they have their uses, are either not as common for web development or have different primary use cases. For example, C++ is more frequently used in system/software development or performance-critical applications rather than web development. Pascal and COBOL are primarily associated with educational purposes and legacy business systems, respectively, and do not cater to modern web development needs as effectively as Java does.