Which of the following is an example of attack involving impersonation or spying on ongoing data exchanges?

The selected answer refers to the Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack, which is indeed a fitting example of impersonation or spying on data exchanges. In this type of attack, the perpetrator secretly intercepts and relays messages between two parties who believe they are communicating directly with each other. This interception allows the attacker to read, modify, or inject data into the communications without either party knowing, effectively 'impersonating' both ends of the conversation. This can lead to significant breaches of confidentiality and integrity, as sensitive information can be stolen or tampered with.

While IP Spoofing and Packet Sniffing are also methods of exploiting network security weaknesses, they operate differently. IP Spoofing allows an attacker to send IP packets from a false (or "spoofed") source address, which can be a component of some attacks but does not inherently involve the impersonation of communication itself between two endpoints. Packet Sniffing is the act of intercepting and logging traffic that passes through a network, which can include viewing unencrypted data but does not actively involve manipulating that data during transmission. Thus, while they share a common goal of exploiting network vulnerabilities, they do not directly involve the impersonation aspect that characterizes a Man