Which discipline utilizes mathematical techniques to optimize organizational parameters like transportation?

The correct choice, operations research, is a discipline that focuses on applying advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions. It uses various mathematical models and techniques to address complex organizational issues, including optimizing parameters such as transportation logistics, resource allocation, and production processes. This field emphasizes the evaluation of different scenarios to identify the most efficient and effective solutions, which can significantly enhance decision-making in transportation and other operational areas.

While management science also deals with decision-making processes in organizations and often includes quantitative and qualitative analyses, it is a broader discipline that does not exclusively focus on mathematical optimization techniques. Management information systems, or MIS, primarily focuses on the systems and technology that enable the processing and management of information within organizations, rather than mathematical optimization. Utilization management refers specifically to assessing the appropriateness of healthcare services and is not directly related to transportation optimization in the context of organizational parameters.