Centralized systems are characterized by:

Centralized systems are characterized by having decision-making authority and operational control concentrated within a single, central location or organization. This often means that the development and operations are primarily handled at the domestic home base, where policies, procedures, and guidelines are established and managed.

The focus of a centralized system is to maintain consistency in processes, ensure that all units operate under the same standards, and streamline operations by minimizing redundancies. This approach can allow for greater control over resources and more straightforward management of systems, as everything aligns under a unified structure.

In contrast, other choices highlight characteristics typical of decentralized systems, where there is more autonomy given to individual units or locations. For example, when operations are handed over to foreign locations, or each foreign unit designs its unique solutions, it reflects a decentralized approach where the local units have the liberty to make decisions and adapt their operations to their specific environment. Thus, the essence of centralized systems lies in the concentration of control and operations at the home base, making the correct answer highlight this fundamental characteristic.