Analysis of an information system that rates the likelihood and cost of a security incident is included in a?

The correct choice for this question is a risk assessment, as this process specifically focuses on evaluating the potential threats to an information system. A risk assessment involves identifying vulnerabilities, determining the likelihood of security incidents occurring, and estimating the potential costs associated with those breaches. The primary goal is to quantify risks in order to develop effective security measures and inform decision-making about resource allocation and risk mitigation strategies.

In contrast, while a security policy provides a framework and guidelines for managing and protecting information, it does not typically include detailed analyses of likelihood or cost assessments. An acceptable use policy (AUP) outlines the permissible uses of organizational IT resources among users but does not involve assessing risks or estimating the potential impact of security incidents. Business impact analysis focuses on understanding the effects that disruptions may have on business operations, rather than estimating the likelihood of security threats or their potential costs. Therefore, the systematic evaluation and quantification of risks align directly with the definition of a risk assessment.